Nama : DAMAR K. ANGGORO .P
NPM : 10208293
KLS : 4 EA 12
Matkul : B. Inggris bisnis 2 (Softskill)
Conditional Sentences
Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, sering kita berandai-andai. Misalnya, seandainya (jika) kamu mau jadi pacar saya, saya akan buat kamu orang paling bahagia di dunia. Seandainya saya kaya, saya akan bangun hotel bintang 5 di pantai Kuta. Seandainya saya punya sayap, saya akan terbang petikkan bintang untukmu. Dan seterusnya. Kalimat-kalimat seperti ini disebut kalimat pengandaian atau dalam bahasa Inggris disebut conditional sentences.
Dalam bahasa Inggris, conditional sentences pada umumnya memiliki ciri-ciri sebagai berikut:
a. digunakannya kata if dalam anak kalimat (subordinate clause). Karena clause ini diawali oleh if maka disebut if clause.
b. digunakannya modal auxiliary, seperti will, can, may, must, would, could, might, etc. pada pokok kalimat (main clause).
Conditional sentences dikelompokkan menjadi 2 tipe, yaitu: real conditional dan unreal/contrary to fact. Tulisan ini khusus membahas real conditionals,
SOAL CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
1. My younger brother thinks that everybody can become a teacher.He often asks himself . “What …. if I were a teacher?
A. do I do
B. will I do
C. would I do
D. am I doing
E. am I going to do
2. Had I realized that Tony was a bad driver. I …. my car.
A. would not lend him
B. did not lend him
C. will not lend him
D. would not have lent him
E. had not had
3. If she works harder, she ….. her paper in time.
A. will finish
B. would finish
C. has finished
D. will be finishing
E. will have finished
4. If my car were in the better condition, I would make a long trip now.
It may be concluded that I ….
A. have to stay at home
B. are enjoying the trip
C. prefer staying at home
D. enjoyed the trip
E. stayed at home
5. If there had been traffic lights at this intersection, there would not have been so many accident. we may conclude that
A. Drivers were always careful at this intersection
B. despite the traffic lights accident happen
C. traffic lights often doesn’t work
D. We didn’t find traffic light at this intersection
E. There are many traffic accident
6.If his mother had not been ill, Tony would have joined the study tour to Jakarta.
We conclude that Tony …..
A. has just come back from the study tour
B. went to Jakarta for Study tour
C. left his sick mother at home
D. refused to join the study tour to Jakarta
E. went to jakarta after her mother had recovered
7. If you hungry, you … take something to eat.
a. Were c. are
b. Was d. can
8. If Septia … after the barbeque, Tiwi will let the guests in.
a. Will have c. will play
b. Had play d. can playing
9. If you had spoken English, she … understood.
a. Can c. was
b. Would have d. could
10. We … swum in the sea if there had not been so many sharks there.
a. Can c. was
b. Would have d. could
11. If she had taken the bus, she would not have arrived on time.
a. Can c. was
b. Would d. could
12. If he ……..… well, he would win the game
A. play C. playing
B. played D. Plays
Jawab: B
13. If you had been sick, you ……..… some
medicine
A. would have taken C. Would had take
B. could have taken D. Could had taken
Jawab: A
14. You ……..… if you walk in the rain (sick)
A. will sicks C. Would sick
B. will sick D. Could sicks
15. If we don’t try to save the Borobudur temple,
we ……..…
A. will losed C. Could lose it
B. would lose it D. Will lose it
Jawab: D
16. You wouldn’t pass the examination unless
you ……..… hard
A. studiying C.study
B. studied D. Studite
Jawab: B
17. If he had played well, he ……..… won the
A. would have C. Is
B. could have D. Are
Jawab: A
18. They will come if you ……..… them
A. invited C. Invite
B. inviting D. Invites
19. She ……..… type the letter if she had more
time
A. would C. can
B. could D. Was
20.If he ……..… well, he would win the game
A. play C. playing
B. played D. Plays
ACTIVE PASSIVE
Kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris juga dinyatakan dalam voice. Voice adalah istilah tata bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan hubungan kata kerja dan subjek (pokok kalimat).
Dalam bahasa Inggris dikenal dua voice, yaitu active dan passive.
Dalam kalimat passive, subjeknya dikenai atau menerima pekerjaan. Sedangkan kalimat active, subjeknya yang melakukan suatu tindakan atau pekerjaan.
Kalimat passive dibentuk dari dua bagian: to be + past participle.
Contoh active verbs dalam kalimat:
- I write a letter.
- He is buying a car.
- I keep the butter in the fridge.
- They stole the painting.
- The executive committee approved the new policy.
Contoh passive verbs dalam kalimat:
- A letter is written by me.
- A car is being bought by him.
- The butter is kept in the fridge.
- The painting was stolen.
- The new policy was approved by the executive committee.
Passive and active
1.They were met by him yesterday
A. he met them yesterday C. He was them yesterday
B. he are met them yesterday D. He were them met yesterday
Jawaban: A. He met them yesterday
2. They have been met by him
A. he has will met them C. He has met them
B. he was met them D. He were met them
Jawaban: C He has met them
3. This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here
A. she had watered this plant for 5 minutes when i got here
B. she have watered this plant for 5 minutes when i got here
C. she was watered this plant for 5 minutes when i got here
D. she were watered this plant for 5 minutes when i got here
Jawaban: A. She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
4. This plant was being watered by her.
A. she are watering this plant
B. she were wastering this plant
C. she was watering this plant
D. she will wastering this plant
Jawaban : C. She was watering this plant
5. They would be being met by him.
A. he would be meeting them
B. he could be meeting them
C. he are be meeting them
D. he are be met them.
Jawaban : A.He would be meeting them
6. All the books in the library______by the minister of Finance last year.
A. Were given C. has given
B. gave D. give
7. It’s no use expecting an answer today, as your proposal_______by his mother.
A.had not yet been receive C. will not have been received yet
B. is not receive yet D. will receive
8. I became quite nervous when I knew that I would be _______by Mr. Kusman Aji.
A. Was interviewing C. interviewed
B. Interview D. Interviewing
9. The teacher told the students that they needed to revise their essays.
The passive of the underlined clause is:
a. Their essays were needed to revise.
b. their essays were need to be revising.
c. Their essays were needed to be revised.
d. Their essays needed to be revised.
10. Tono wasn’t offered the job.
We can also say:
a. Tono didn’t offer the job.
b. They don’t offer the job to Tono.
c. Tono was offering the job.
d. They were offering Tono the job.
11. “Which paintings will be exhibited tomorrow?”
“We don’t know yet. They …………………. by a team.”
a. are still being selected
b. are still selecting
c. still be selected
d. still selected
12. The street ……………………. when we passed yesterday.
a. has repaired
b. is being repaired
c. was being repaired
d. has been repaired
13. “When …………………?”
“Before World War I”
a. this hospital to be built
b. was this hospital being built
c. this hospital built
d. was this hospital built
14. Find the passive form of “They will look after you well”.
a. You will be looked after well.
b. They will be looked after you well.
c. You will be well looked after.
d. You will be to be looked after by them well.
15. A well-known architect is designing our new office.
The passive form is:
a. designs
b. designed
c. be designing
d. is designing
16. What is the active form of “English is spoken in the United States” ?
a. People in the US speak English.
b. In the US speak English.
c. Everybody speak English in the US.
d. Everybody spoke English in the US.
17. After the house ……………………. white, it looked beautiful.
a. had been painted
b. to be painting
c. had been painting
d. had painted
18. “What do people need for irrigation?”
The passive construction of the sentence is:
a. What is needed for irrigation?
b. What is irrigation needed for?
c. What people are needed for irrigation?
d. what is for irrigation needed?
19. Although the stolen car ……………………. the police cannot trace the thieves.
a. is being found
b. has found
c. has been found
d. had found
20. The child told us he had been left alone by his step mother in the empty building.
From the sentence above we know that:
a. The child had left his step mother alone in the empty building.
b. The child went to the empty building with his step mother, then she went away.
c. The child wanted to leave his step mother in the empty building.
d. The child had left his step mother before he went to the empty building.
QUESTION TAGS
Question tags adalah pertanyaan singkat yang diikutkan pada akhir sebuah kalimat untuk membuat pertanyaan. Contoh:
Kalimat:- She speaks English.
Pertanyaan:- Does she speak English?
Question Tag:- She speaks English, doesn’t she?
Bentuk
Question tag dibentuk dari sebuah kata kerja bantu dan subjek. Jika kalimat positif, kita biasanya menggunakan tag negatif, contoh:
• That’s a great song, isn’t it?
• She’s a lawyer, isn’t she?
Jika kalimat negatif, kita gunakan tag positif. Contoh:
• You‘re not busy, are you?
• This way isn’t right, is it?
Soal questions tag
1. She is a nurse, isn’t she?
2. They are doctors, aren’t they?
3. Andi is sick, isn’t he?
4. This car is very expensive, isn’t it?
5. Martha and his sister are beautiful, aren’t they?
6. We can do it by ourselves, can’t we?
7. Your father will fly to Medan, won’t he?
8. You were my school friend, weren’t you?
9. I am right, aren’t I?
10. The cat is hungry, isn’t it?
11. Handy likes swimming, doesn’t he?
12. I’m your best friend, aren’t I?
13. They work in our factory, don’t they?
14. The boys know Mrs. Lynn’s address, don’t they?
15. The man sells fruits, doesn’t he?
16. We met them last night, didn’t we?
17. You can handle it, can’t you?
18. Your sister has a cute cat, doesn’t she?
19. The tigers eat meat, don’t they?
20. I have invited you, haven’t I?
MODALS
Modals adalah bagian dari auxiliary yang merupakan sekelompok kata bantu dan memberikan arti tambahan pada suatu kalimat dalam kalimat. Setelah modals harus diikuti dengan V1 .
Ada 2 bentuk modal ,yaitu present modals dan juga past modals.
modalspresent Modals past
Can = bisa
May = boleh
Must = harus
Will = akan
Shall= akan
Should = harusnya Could
Might
Had to
Would
Should
Ada banyak kata yang sama dan juga bisa disebut sebagai pengganti modals.
Can / could = be able to , manage to
May / might = probable , possible , presumable, perhaps
Must = have to , need to
Will / shall = be going to , be about to
Should = had better , ought to , be supposed to
Modals
Please see the following sentences. Please mark C if it is CORRECT, and I if it is INCORRECT.
1. May I borrow your book, please? <…..>C
2. I will to go to Semarang next week. <…..>C
3. She can not to visit that historic area. <…..>I
4. You may ride the motor cycle if you have Driving Lisence. <…..>I
5. Sheila can go to my house yesterday. <…..>C
6. Your glass is empty. …. I get you some more fresh water?
A. shall
B. will
C. can
D. should
7. We …. like to visit that new store some day.
A. shall
B. will
C. can
D. would
8. You are sick, but you don’t come hospital to see a doctor.
You …. visit him soon.
A. would
B. could
C. should
D. will
9. “I really don’t know why Tony didn’t come to the meeting”.
“There ….. something wrong with him.
A. might be
B. could be
C. will be
D. must have been
10. “Rini is old enough. She …. know better than the others about it.
A. will
B. could
C. must
D. may be
11. My motorcycle runs out of oil. I ….buy it because I will ride it to the meeting.
A. should
B. may
C. can
D. must
12. Yanti looks so pale and weak. He must be sick. The underlined sentence means:
A. He has to be sick
B. Maybe he is sick
C. It’s possible that he is sick.
D. I conclude that he is sick
13. “I could have somebody else to carry the heavy bags” It means :
A. I carried the heavy bags
B Somebody else carried the heavy bags for me
C. I asked someone carry the heavy bags.
D. I would carry the heavy bags myself.
Exercises :
14. They study hard,because next April they will take the examination
A. Will B. Should C. Can
15. You ____ permit to your mother.if you go to school
A. Must B. May C. Mustn’t
16. She ____ come here tommorow.
A. Will B. Can C. Must
17. He ____ speak English well if he took English course .
A. Will B. Can C. Could
18. You seem to be having trouble there. ____I help you?
A. Would B. Will C. Shall
19. Teddy got a bed score for his examination, ____study hard for next
A. Should have studied B. Could have studied C. Might have studied
20. My father ____ play guitar when he was child
A. Shall B. Can C. Could
BOTH AND BOTH OF
We use both/neither/either for two things. You can use these words with a noun (both books, neither book etc.).
For example, you are talking about going out to eat this evening. There are two restaurants where you can go. You say:
• Both restaurants are very good. (not ‘ the both restaurants’).
• Neither restaurant is expensive.
• We can go to either restaurant. I don’t mind. ( either=one or the other, it doesn’t matter which one)
Both of... / neither of…/ either of…
When we use both/neither/either + of, you always need the …/ these/ those…/ my/ yours/ his/ Tom’s…. (etc.). You cannot say ‘both of restaurants’. You have to say ‘both of the restaurants’, ‘both of those restaurants’ etc. :
• Both of these restaurants are very good.
Both and Both of
1. Both of the women…..from Jakarta.
a. are c. was
b. come d. is
2. All the wine….. in the dining room.
a. are c. was
b. does d. is
3. Do you like……
a. they both c. they all
b. them all d. are
4. ……those oranges are sweet.
A. both c. none of
b. none d. no
5. Both of…..attended the meeting last week.
a. us c. we
b. your d. they
6. we…….understand what is going on.
a. none of c. none
b. all of d. all
7. A: how many student are there in the room?
B:……………..
a. all of us c. none
b. both of us d. no
8. Both…….are very interesting.
a. book c. all
b. novels d. of
9. You…..must arrive on time everyday
a. all of c. all
b. no d. none
10. Does he want to help……them?
a. no c. none
b. both of d. of
DIRECT DAN INDIRECT SPEECH
Ada dua cara untuk mengungkapkan apa yang seseorang katakan yaitu: langsung (direct) dan tidak langsung (indirect/reported).
Pada kalimat langsung, kita mengulangi ucapan pembicara (speaker) sama persis. Kalimat langsung biasanya digunakan dalam percakapan di dalam buku, drama, ataupun dalam tanda kurung.
Contoh:
He said, ‘I have lost my umbrella.’
Kalimat langsung (direct) mempunyai dua bagian, yaitu: reporting sentence dan reported sentence. Reporting sentence adalah klausa yang berisi siapa yang berbicara, sedangkan reported sentence adalah klausa yang berisi apa yang dibicarakan.
Contoh:
Mike said, “I will come to your house.”
reporting reported
Sedangkan, pada kalimat tidak langsung (indirect), kita mengungkapkan maksud ucapan pembicara dengan ungkapan yang tidak sama persis.
Contoh:
He said (that) he had lost his umbrella.
PERUBAHAN KALIMAT LANGSUNG (DIRECT) MENJADI TIDAK LANGSUNG (INDIRECT)
A. Kalimat pernyataan (statement) pada kalimat tidak langsung (indirect)
Perubahan direct menjadi indirect pada statement ditandai dengan ‘that’.
Kalimat langsung yang reporting sentence-nya memiliki verb dalam bentuk present tense (simple present, present continuous, and present perfect atau future tense) maka tidak ada perubahan tenses pada reported sentence dalam bentuk tidak langsung (indirect). Ini biasanya terjadi apabila:
1. Melaporkan suatu percakapan yang masih berlangsung
2. Membaca surat dan melaporkan apa isi surat tersebut
3. Membaca perintah dan langsung melaporkannya pada waktu tersebut
4. Melaporkan pernyataan yang sering muncul
SOAL DIRECT DAN INDIRECT SPEECH
1. The woman says to him: “you play the piano well.”
The girl says to him that ………….
a. you play the piano well.
b. he play the piano well
c. he plays the piano well
d. he played the piano well
2. “Did he leave a message for me?”
“yes, he said………. tonight”.
a. he called you
b. he would call him
c. you called her
d. he would call you
3. “You mustn’t forget what I told you.”
She told me ………..
a. that I hadn’t to forget what she had told me
b. that I didn’t have to forget what I had told her.
c. that I mustn’t have forgotten what I told you.
d. that I didn’t have to forget what she had told me
4. Tony said to me: “Why does she sing so loudly?”
a. Tony said to me why does she sing so loudly
b. Tony asked me why did she sing so loudly.
c. Tony asked why does she sing so loudly
d. Tony asked me why she sang so loudly
5. “How many pieces of bread can you eat?” She said
a. She said how many pieces of bread I can eat
b. She wanted to know how many pieces of bread you cculd eat
c. She asked how could I eat a lot of bread
d. She asked how many pieces of bread I could eat
6. “Where did you go four days ago?” John asked.
Tony asked …….
a. where did I go four days ago
b. where I did go four days ago
c. Where I had gone four days before
d. where I had gone four days ago.
7. “Did you have an assignment last month? Father asked me
Father asked me ……
a. did I have an assignment last month
b. I did have an assignment last month
c. if I had had an assignment the month before
d. if I did have an assignment the month before
8. “Were you at the party last night?” Tony said.
a. Tony said that I was at the party the night be tofore
b. Tony wanted to know if he was at the party the night before
c. Tony asked me if I was at the party
d. Tony wanted to know if I had been at the party the night before
9. Rudy said to me, “Can I help you find a hotel?”
a. Rudy asked me if I could help her find a hotel
b. I wondered if my friend could help me find a hotel
c. Rudy said that I could help me find a hotel
d. Rudy asked me to find a hotel for him
10. Siska says,” The sun rises every morning.”
a. Siska says that the sun rises every morning.
b. siska said the sun morning
c. siska says asked the sun rises every morning
d. every morning rises the sun askerd siska.
11. John says, “I’m trying to get a taxi.”
a. I’m get a taxi trying, john asked
b. John says them trying to get a taxi.
c. John says that he is trying to get a taxi.
d. john asked to him trying get a taxi.
12 The doctor said to me, "Stop smoking!".
a. The doctor told me to stop smoking.
b. The stop smoking doctor said.
c. The doctor asked me stop the smoking
d. doctor said told me stop smoking.
13. "Get out of the car!" said the policeman.
a. The policeman ordered the car
b. The policeman ordered him to get out of the car.
c. The car get out said the policeman.
d. policeman get out of the car.
14. "Could you please be quiet," she said.
a. She asked me how be quiet c. She asked me to be quiet
b. she said please quiet d. why you quiet please
15. The man with the gun said to us, "Don't move!"
a. The man with the gun warned us not to move.
b. The man with the gun warned to moving.
c. the gun warned us not move out
d. the gun moving the man move
16. "It would be a good idea to see the dentist", said my mother.
a. My mother suggested I see the dentist. c. my mother hope dentist good.
b. good idea to see the dentist said my mother. d. that I was see the dentist.
17. The dentist said, "I think you should use a different toothbrush".
a. tootbrush should think the dentist.
b. the dentist commen this should use different toothbrush.
c. that I was not to forget different toothbrush.
d. The dentist recommended that I should use a different toothbrush.
18. My manager said, "I think we should examine the budget carefully at this meeting."
a. my manager examined this meeting carefully.
b. My manager proposed that we examine the budget carefully at the meeting.
c. this meeting at carefully examine budget.
d. this meeting we should manager examine budget carefully.
19. "Why don't you sleep overnight at my house?" she said.
a. She suggested that I sleep overnight at her house.
b. she said suggested overnight at her house
c. if I had sleeping overnight at my house.
d. talk to me why you sleeping at my house overnight.
20. "What is your name?" he asked me.
a. He asked me what my name was. c. me asked to him your name.
b. what is your name asked to me d. what name your talk me.
Jumat, 20 April 2012
Jumat, 23 Maret 2012
Tugas Materi,Rumus Soal dan jawaban
Nama : DAMAR K. ANGGORO .P
NPM : 10208293
KLS : 4 EA 12
Matkul : B. Inggris bisnis 2 (Softskill)
TINGKAT PERBANDINGAN
A. Positive degree (tingkat sama)
Rumus: Noun + to be + as + adjective + as + noun
My father is as old as your mother
The elephant is not as big as the horse
B. Comparative degree (tingkat lebih)
Rumus:
1. Noun + to be + adjective (satu suku kata)+ er + than + noun
2. Noun + to be + more + adjective (lebih dari 1 suku kata) + than + noun
My father is older than your mother
English is more important than Indonesian
C. Superlative degree (tingkat paling)
Rumus:
1. Noun + to be + adjective (1 suku kata) + est
2. Noun + to be + the + most + adjective (lebih dari 1 suku kata)
Bill Gates is the richest in America
John is the most famous person in the class
Catatan
1. Untuk comparative degree tambahkan suffiks –er diakhir kata sifat (adjective) yang mempunyai satu suku kata dan tambahkan kata more di awal kata sifat yang mempunyai lebih dari satu suku kata. (lihat contoh bagian comparative degree)
2. Untuk superlative degree tambahkan suffiks –est diakhir kata sifat yang yang mempunyai satu suku kata dan tambahkan the most di awal kata sifat yang mempunyai satu suku kata lebih. (lihat contoh bagian superlative degree)
3. Kata sifat berikut adalah kata sifat yang tidak sesuai dengan aturan (irregular comparison)
Good/well Better Best Baik
Bad/ill Worse Worst Buruk/sakit
Little Less Least Sedikit
Much/many More Most Banyak
Far Farther Farthest Jauh
TO BE
A. Jenis-jenis to be
1. Present form of to be = is, am, dan are (V1)
2. Past form of to be = was dan were (V2)
3. Past participle form of to be = been (V3)
B. Fungsi dan penggunaan to be
1. Penghubung subjek dengan pelengkap (complement) seperti adjective (kata sifat), noun (kata benda), dan adverb of place (keterangan tempat).
Contoh:
She is lazy (adjective)
I was a student (noun)
She has been in the class (adverb of place)
2. Digunakan dalam continous form dalam tenses.
Rumus: S + to be + V.ing + O
Contoh:
I am reading a book (present continous)
I was writing a book (past continous)
I will be singing (future continous)
I have been teaching English (perfect continous)
3. Digunakan dalam kalimat pasif
Rumus: S + to be + V3 + by + O
Contoh:
The game is played by the boy
The boy was loved by Vina
KONSEP DUA KEJADIAN/PERISTIWA
A. Menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang sedang terjadi ketika peristiwa lain terjadi di masa lampau.
Rumus: Past tense + when + past continous
When I was reading a book, my father came
Catatan:
1. Peristiwa pertama: I was reading a book
2. Peristiwa kedua: My father came
B. Menyatakan dua peristiwa yang sama-sama sedang terjadi di masa lampau.
Rumus: Past continous + while + past continous
I was dancing while she was singing
C. Menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang sudah terjadi diikuti oleh peristiwa yang lain di masa lampau.
Rumus:
1. Past perfect + before + past tense
2. Past tense + after + past perfect
I had eaten before I went home
After I I had eaten, I went home
Catatan:
a. Kejadian pertama: I had eaten
b. Kejadian kedua: I went home
A. Apabila ada “TO” dan “MODAL” (will, would, can, could, may, might, shall, should, must, has to/have to/had to), maka kata setelah “TO” dan ”MODAL” tersebut Wajib diikuti:
1. V1 (tampa S/ES)
I want to kiss you
She can sing a song
2. “BE”
He wants to be a millionaire
They will be smart
B. Apabila ada Has/have/had bertemu dengan Verb (kata kerja), maka verb tersebut wajid V3.
We have studied English at Quantum Education
She has been in Malang for two years
C. Apabila ada preposisition (kata depan) seperti of, on, in, at, after, before, by, through, for, dll diikuti dengan kata keja(verb) maka kata kerja tersebut di ditambah –ing.
I am capable of doing English test.
You can get the fresh air by opening the window
D. Fungsi “to be” (is, am, are, was, were, been) digunakan dalam
1. Adjective (kata sifat)
Anita is beautiful
2. Noun (kata benda)
This is a stone
3. Adverb of place (keterangan tempat)
The students are in the class
4. Continues tense
I am reading a book
I will be singing tomorrow
She has been singing for five minutes
5. Passive sentence (Kalimat Passive)
Rumus: S + to be + V3 + by + O
English is studied by the students
The building was built in 1999
Catatan: Penggunakan by bukan hal yang mutlak digunakan
E. Dalam menjawab soal error recognition, tentukan:
1. Keterangan waktu karena keterangan tersebut akan mempengaruhi bentuk tenses (apakah itu bentuk lampau, sekarang, atau akan datang)
I play a new game with my friends yesterday
A B C D
Keterangan waktu dalam kalimat diatas dalam bentuk lampau “yesterday”, maka kata kerjanya harus dalam bentuk lampau juga (past tense). Karena kata kerja “play” masih dalam bentuk present, maka kata tersebut error dan menjadi jawaban yang benar.
2. Perhatikan kalimat atau kata yang tidak bergaris bawah pada soal error recognition karena kalimat atau kata tersebut sudah mutlak benar dan menjadi acuan untuk mengetahui kesalahan atau kebenaran pada kata-kata yang bergaris bawah.
If I had enough money, I will buy a ring for you
A B C D
Perhatikan kata-kata yang tidak bergaris bawah ”If I had”. Kata-kata itu sudah mutlak benar dan menjadi acuan dalam menentukan kesalahan dalam kalimat selanjutnya. Karena kalimat yang menjadi acuan itu berbentuk if clause yang tipe ke-2 (S+V2), maka kalimat penyertanya harus tipe ke-2 juga (would+V1). Dalam hal ini pilihan B salah karena will seharusnya menjadi would.
3. Perhatikan kesesuaian antara subject dan predicate. Apabila subjeknya tunggal maka predikatnya menyesuaikan dengan subjeknya yaitu tunggal juga.
She works at the hotel
They work at the hotel
She is beautiful
They are beautiful
The student writes a novel
F. Apabila ada kata penghubung and, or, and but, maka kata sebelum dan sesudah penghubung tersebut wajib disejajarkan.
1. Noun + and/ or/but + Noun I don’t like apples but mangoes
2. Adjective + and/ or/but + adjective Is the teacher smart or stupid?
3. Adverb + and/ or/but + adverb She dances attractively and gracefully
4. V1 (es,es)/V2/V.ing + and/ or/but + V1 (es,es)/V2/V3/V.ing
He likes and loves me
They sang and danced
I like writing and reading
G. Apabila dalam dialog pembicara pertama menggunakan bentuk lampau(past tense), maka respon dari pembicara kedua juga menggunakan bentuk past tense dan seterusnya.
Ani : Did you go to school yesterday?
A B
Budi : Yes, I do.
C D
Kalimat yang digunakan oleh Ani adalah kalimat dalam bentuk lampau, maka respon yang diberikan oleh Budi harus dalam bentuk lampau juga. Dalam hal ini opsi D adalah salah karena “do” seharusnya “did”.
H. Hafalkan rumus singkat berikut:
1. Relative pronoun
Subjek orang + who + verb/to be the girl who sits is my friend
Subjek orang + whom + Subjek the boy whom I met is handsome
Subjek benda/hewan + which + verb/to be the cat which has white fur is mine
Objek + Whose + Benda I like the man whose cap is white
2. If clause/conditional sentence
VERBAL
1. If + S + V1 + O, S+ Will + V1 + O If the teacher come, I will attend the class
2. If + S + V2 + O, S+ Would + V1 + O If the teacher came, I would attend the class
3. If + S + had +V3 + O, S+ Would + have + V3 + O If the teacher had come, I would have attended the class
NOMINAL
1. If + S + is, am, are + Complement, S + Will + V1 + O
If you are handsome, I will marry you
2. If + were + Complement, S + Would + V1 + O
If she were an artist, I would invite him to the party.
3. If + S + Had + Been + complement, S + Would + Have + V3 + O
If she had been here, I would not have blamed her
NOTE: complement (pelengkap) terdiri dari Adjective, Noun, Adverb of place dan disingkat ANA
4. Causative verbs
1. S + Has/have/had/make/made + Objek orang + V1(tampa to, s, es) + O
The teacher has me study hard = Guru itu menyuruh saya belajar keras
2. S + Get/ask + Objek Orang + to + V1 (tampa s/es)
The teacher gets me to study hard = Guru itu menyuruh saya belajar keras
3. S + Has/have/had/make/made/Get/ask + Objek benda + V3
I make the door opened = Saya menyuruh pintu itu dibuka
5. Subjunctive (Harapan)
1. Present wish (harapan sekarang)
S1 + Wish/es (that) S2 + V2/were
I wish that you had money
She wishes Alicia were an artist
2. Past wish (harapan lampau)
S1 + wished (that) S2 + had + V3
Mike Tyson wished he had won match
My father wished that I had been successful in the test
1. Penggunaan Either dan Neither tanpa Or dan Nor
Seperti halnya kata-kata yang selalu diikuti oleh singular verbs lainnya (Silakan baca: Words always followed by singular verbs), penggunaan either dan neither adalah mengikuti pola berikut:
Either + singular subject + singular verb
Neither + singular subject + singular verb
Contoh:
1. Either student has passed the exam. (Salah satu dari (kedua) siswa itu telah lulus ujian).
2. Neither student has passed the exam. (Kedua siswa itu telah tidak lulus ujian).
3. Either book belongs to Jimmy. (Salah satu dari kedua buku itu milik Jimmy).
4. Neither book belongs to me. (Kedua buku itu bukan milikku).
Note:
• Either dan neither, jika ditempatkan di awal kalimat, selalu diikuti oleh singular verb (i.e. studies, works, goes, dll) atau singular verb phrase (i.e. has passed, has studied, is working, is going to pass, dll).
• Jika either dan neither langsung diikuti oleh noun, noun tersebut selalu singular (i.e. either student, neither student, either one, neither you, dll).
• Jika noun setelah either dan neither diawali of the, maka noun tersebut selalu dalam bentuk plural. (i.e. either of the students, neither of the students, dll)
Dengan menambahkan “of the”, keempat kalimat di atas dapat ditulis (dan maknanya sama) menjadi:
1. Either of the (two) students has passed the exam. (Salah satu dari (kedua) siswa itu telah lulus ujian).
2. Neither of the (two) students has passed the exam. (Kedua siswa itu telah tidak lulus ujian).
3. Either of the (two) books belongs to Jimmy. (Salah satu dari kedua buku itu milik Jimmy).
4. Neither of the (two) books belongs to me. (Kedua buku itu bukan milikku).
• Kata two adalah optional. Walaupun tidak ditulis (atau disebutkan), noun yang mengikuti either atau neither selalu bermakna dua individual atau dua group.
• Walaupun neither maknanya sama dengan “both…not”, dalam formal documents, hindari menggunakan both pada kalimat negatif. Dalam hal ini, gunakanlah “neither”. Kalimat 2 dan 4 di atas akan grammatically INCORRECT kalau ditulis:
2. Both students have not passed the exam. Juga INCORRECT kalau ditulis: Both of the (two) students have not passed the exam.
4. Both books do not belong to me. Juga INCORRECT juga kalau ditulis: Both of the (two) books do not belong to me.
Contoh kalimat yang menggunakan either dan neither secara mandiri (tanpa or dan nor) lainnya dapat dibaca di topik: Words always followed by singular verbs dan Conjunctions dan Penggunaannya,, sedangkan penggunaan either/neither + of the + noun dapat dibaca di topik: Penggunaan kata depan OF.
2. Penggunaan Either…or dan Neither…nor
Dalam hal ini, either…or dan neither…nor berfungsi sebagai paired conjunctions atau correlative conjunctions. Verb yang mengikuti either…or dan neither…nor ditentukan oleh subject kalimat setelah or atau nor. Verbnya akan plural jika setelah or atau nor diikuti oleh plural subject (plural nouns), dan sebaliknya, verbnya akan singular jika or atau nor diikuti oleh singular subject (singular nouns). Untuk lebih jelasnya, perhatikan pola berikut:
Either
Neither + noun + or
nor + plural noun + plural verb
Either
Neither + noun + or
nor + singular noun + singular verb
Contoh:
1. Either Tommy or Tommy’s friends are going to visit me tonight. (Tommy atau teman-teman Tommy akan mengunjungiku malam ini). Maknanya adalah kalau bukan Tommy yang akan mengunjungiku malam ini, teman-teman Tommy lah yang akan mengunjungi aku malam ini.
2. Neither Tommy nor Tommy’s friends are going to visit me tonight (Tidak Tommy, tidak juga teman-teman Tommy, akan akan mengunjungiku malam ini). Maknanya sama dengan : Both Tommy and Tommy’s friends are NOT going to visit me tonight. Tapi ingat, in formal documents hindari menggunakan BOTH dalam kalimat negatif.
3. Neither Yayat nor two of his friends are attending the class now. (Baik Yayat maupun dua teman baiknya sedang tidak menghadiri kelas (tidak kuliah) sekarang).
4. Either Jenny or Juli has seen the Ayat-Ayat Cinta (Salah satu, kalau bukan Jenny, Juli lah yang telah nonton Ayat-Ayat Cinta).
5. Neither I nor my daughter has seen the Ayat-Atay Cinta yet. (Baik saya maupun putri saya belum nonton Ayat-Ayat Cinta).
6. Neither I nor Eti likes this course. (Baik saya maupun Eti tidak suka mata kuliah ini).
Kalau posisi subject diputar, kalimat-kalimat di atas berubah menjadi:
1. Either Tommy’s friends or Tommy is going to visit me tonight. (Kalau bukan teman-teman Tommy, Tommy lah yang akan mengunjungiku malam ini).
2. Neither Tommy’ friends nor Tommy is going to visit me tonight (Tidak teman-teman Tommy, tidak juga Tommy, akan akan mengunjungiku malam ini).
3. Neither two of Yayat’s friends nor Yayat is attending the class now. (Baik dua teman Yayat maupun Yayat sedang tidak menghadiri kelas (tidak kuliah) sekarang).
4. Either Juli or Jenny has seen the Ayat-Ayat Cinta (Salah satu, kalau bukan Juli, Juni lah yang telah nonton Ayat-Ayat Cinta).
5. Neither my daughter nor I have seen the Ayat-Atay Cinta yet. (Baik putri saya maupun saya belum nonton Ayat-Ayat Cinta)
6. Neither Eti nor I like this course. (Baik Eti maupun saya tidak suka mata kuliah ini).
Note:
• Jika setelah or atau nor diikuti oleh pronoun, pronoun tersebut selalu dalam bentuk subject pronoun (he, she, it, I, you, we, they) .
• Either tidak boleh digunakan bersamaan dengan nor, dan neither tidak boleh digunakan bersamaan dengan or.
• neither… nor SELALU bermakna negatif, walaupun kelihatannya tanpa NOT. Perhatikan makna contoh-contoh kalimat di atas!
• Walaupun posisi subject diputar, makna kalimat tepat sama.
• Selain ditempatkan di awal kalimat, either dan neither juga dapat ditempatkan di tengah kalimat. Dalam hal ini, yang digabungkan tentu saja bukan subject kalimat.
Contoh:
1. Tonight, I will either study English at home or visit my girlfriend. (Malam ini, aku akan belajar bahasa Inggris di rumah, atau aku akan mengunjungi pacarku).
2. I used to like neither sandwich nor pizza, but I like them both now. (Dulu, aku tidak suka sandwich dan juga tidak suka pizza tetapi aku suka keduanya sekarang).
3. Amy walks neither fast nor slowly. (Jalannya Amy tidak cepat, juga tidak lambat).
Contoh kalimat lain yang menggunakan either…or dan neither…nor dapat dibaca di topik: Conjunctions dan Penggunaannya.
3. Penggunaan Either dan Neither dalam Negative Agreement
Pada kalimat-kalimat agreement, fungsi either dan neither sangat mirip dengan so dan too. Bedanya adalah: so dan too hanya digunakan pada affirmative (positive) agreement, sedangkan, either dan neither hanya digunakan untuk menyatakan negative agreement. Untuk lebih jelasnya, perhatikan pola berikut:
Negative statement, and + subject + negative auxiliary atau be + either
Negative statement, and + neither + positive auxiliary atau be + subject
Contoh:
1. I didn’t see my book this morning. My sister didn’t see my book this morning.
• I didn’t see my book this morning, and my sister didn’t either. (Aku tidak lihat bukuku tadi pagi, dan begitu juga adikku).
• I didn’t see my book this morning, and neither did my sister. (Aku tidak lihat bukuku tadi pagi, dan begitu juga adikku).
2. My wife is not a volleyball player. I am not a volleyball player.
• My wife is not a volleyball player, and I am not either. (Istriku bukan seorang pemain bola volley, dan begitu juga aku).
• My wife is not a volleyball player, and neither am I. (Istriku bukan seorang pemain bola volley, dan begitu juga aku).
3. I haven’t seen Ayat-Ayat Cinta yet. My sister hasn’t seen Ayat-Ayat Cinta yet.
• I haven’t seen Ayat-Ayat Cinta yet, and my sister hasn’t either.
• I haven’t seen Ayat-Ayat Cinta yet, and neither has my sister.
4. Maria will not go to the party tonight. Mario will not go to the party tonight.
• Maria will not go to the party tonight, and Mario will not either.
• Maria will not go to the party tonight, and neither will Mario.
5. She doesn’t like durian. He doesn’t like durian.
• She doesn’t like durian, and he doesn’t either.
• She doesn’t like durian, and neither does he.
Note: Walaupun polanya berbeda, tiap pasang kalimat negative agreement di atas memiliki makba yang sama.
Dan REMEMBER: dalam kalimat agreement, either dan neither hanya digunakan untuk menyatakan negative agreement, dan TIDAK PERNAH digunakan dalam affirmative (positive) agreement.
Apakah kalimat no 1 di atas dapat ditulis sebagai berikut?
• I didn’t see my book this morning, and my sister didn’t see my book this morning either. (Aku tidak lihat bukuku tadi pagi, dan adikku juga tidak lihat bukuku tadi pagi).
• I didn’t see my book this morning, and neither did my sister see my book this morning. (Aku tidak lihat bukuku tadi pagi, dan adikku juga tidak lihat bukuku tadi pagi).
Ya boleh. Namun, dalam bahasa Inggris, kalimat yang terbaik adalah kalimat yang paling singkat dan kalimat yang dinyatakan dengan pola yang paling tepat. So, jika anda disuruh milih kalimat mana yang lebih baik dan benar, maka jawaban anda seharusnya kalimat yang berikut:
• I didn’t see my book this morning, and my sister didn’t either.
• I didn’t see my book this morning, and neither did my sister.
1. The inc rease in the sales of new cars ……. Expected to make traffic jams worse.
A. Is
B. Are
C. Be
D. Being
JAWAB: A
2. Little children are usually afraid of …….. by their mother.
A. Left
B. To leave
C. Leaving
D. Been left
JAWAB: C
3. “ When did you realize you had lost your purse “ “ When I … ,one to pay the conductor”
A. Was needing
B. Had needed
C. Have needing
D. Am needing
JAWAB: B
4. ‘Why didn’t Didi wan to go home?’ ‘ His mother …… him for causing the car acc ident’
A. would blame
B. has blamed
C. is blaming
D. had blamed
JAWAB: D
5. The way professor Mattis teaches English not only keeps the student’ interest…….
A. And also increases their motivation
B. But also increasing their motivation
C. And he also increases their motivation
D. But also increases their motivation
JAWAB: D
6. The thief ……… into the room through this window because there are footprint near the door.
A. Was to get
B. My get
C. Would rather get
D. Must have got
JAWAB: D
7. He told me a lot about the Philippines. He ….. there for a long time.
A. Must have lived
B. Might be living
C. Ought to have lived
D. Should be living
JAWAB: A
8. Your son will be operated on tomorrow morning. He … have a good rest tonight’ the doctor said.
A. Might
B. May
C. Can
D. Must
JAWAB: D
9. Having given the prescription to the patient…
A. The medicine was taken regularly by the patient
B. The doctor told the patient to take the medicine regularly
C. The medicine had to be taken regularly by the patient
D. The patient was told to take the medicine regularly
JAWAB: B
10. ………. A few million rupiahs, he went on a four to Europe.
A. Saved
B. Has saved
C. He has saved
D. Having saved
JAWAB: D
11. The fact that he was put into prison for something that he had not done made his wife…
A. Cry
B. To be crying
C. Cried
D. To cry
JAWAB: A
12. ‘Andi, will you slose the windows, please. I’m busy right now’. I’m busy my self, but I………anyhow.
A. Will close them
B. Will have to close them
C. Will have them closed
D. Will ask you to c lose them
JAWAB: C
13. We are going on a long trip, so we must…
A. Have check ed the car
B. Have had the c ar checked
C. To have the car checked
D. Have the car checked
JAWAB: D
14. The company’s new product was …….. adv ertised on TV.
A. Nation
B. National
C. Nationally
D. Nationalize
JAWAB: C
15. The original …….. manuscript to the play is on display in the museum.
A. Written by hand
B. Writing hand
C. Hand written
D. Hand writing
JAWAB: D
16. The thief denied … the jewelry although the police forced him it admit it.
A. Steal
B. Stealing
C. To steal
D. In stealing
JAWAB: B
17. His shop was burnt down, ……… his car that was park ed nearby.
A. And either did
B. Also was
C. But neither was
D. And so was
JAWAB: D
18. ‘Who won the ford foundation scholars hip?’. ‘The high school student …. The city council had chosen as the beat student’.
A. he who
B. whose
C. whom
D. which
JAWAB: C
19. My brother needs two …. To help him run the store.
A. Mechanics
B. Carpenters
C. Instructors
D. Assistants
JAWAB: D
20. ….. is not yet know
A. can he be involved in the trade of narcotics
B. he is involved in the trade of narcotics
C. whether he is involved in the trade of narcotics
D. when he is involved in the trade of narcotics
JAWAB: C
1. Another title that would best explain the main idea of this story is ….
a. Typing with feet
b. Handicapped Girl Succeeds
c. Scrapbook from Life
d. Polio and its Effects
JAWAB : B
2. Emma Flores …..
a. worries a great deal
b. cannot walk
c. writes with her feet
d. feeds herself
JAWAB : C
3. Emma uses a respirator …..
a. to help her breathe at night
b. at all time
c. to help he type
d. only during the way
JAWAB : A
4. When Emma was a young girl in Mexican ….
a. Mexican children never got polio
b. Doctors knew a great deal about polio
c. She was the only child
d. She was one of many Mexican children struck by polio
JAWAB : D
5. Emma Flores is ….
a. selfish c. complaining
b. determined d. worrying
JAWAB :B
6. Emma’s schoolmates in college did not ….
a. feed her
b. wash and iron to her
c. help her dress
d. takes notes in class for her
JAWAB :D
7. Emma is thankful to her college schoolmates because ….
a. They did all her homework for her
b. They have her a scrap book for graduation
c. They help her walk
d. She would never have gotten through college without their help
JAWAB :B
8. Emma learned to write with her feet because ….
a. She can write faster with them than she can with her hands
b. She enjoy doing unusual things
c. She had already learned to use her feet to type
d. She cannot use her hands at all
JAWAB :D
9. Emma tutored other students because ….
a. Language major have tutor
b. She needed money to help get through college
c. She needed to feet important
d. It kept her mind off her worries
JAWAB :B
10. Emma made a scrap book for Sandy McIntyre because ….
a. She has grateful for the help Sandy had given her
b. Sandy had made her one of her
c. Sandy needed it for a class she was taking
d. It was a requirement for graduation
JAWAB :A
Part B : Structure and Usage
11. How many cards …. in the box ?
a. there are c. are there
b. there have d. have there
JAWAB :C
12. He is not from ….
a. French c. Spain
b. Korean d. Swiss
JAWAB :C
13. Cindy loves …. dinner for her husband.
a. preparing c. prepares
b. to prepare d. prepared
JAWAB :A
14. That’s the …. popular model they sell.
a. at least c. at last
b. leas d. least
JAWAB :D
15. She is not reading ….
a. either am I c. neither I am
b. neither am I d. either I am
JAWAB :B
16. We will be leaving …. Just a few minutes.
a. in c. on
b. at d. of
JAWAB :A
17. ….are the fresh and vegetables healthy for you, but they taste delicious too.
a. much more c. not only
b. not just d. of course
JAWAB :C
18. ….John studied very hard, he did not well on his final exam.
a. but c. however
b. because d. although
JAWAB :C
19. Blue jeans are worn by people of all economics levels, ….Millionaires to hose living on welfare.
a. not only c. including
b. both d. from
JAWAB :C
20. What ….to you ?
a. happen c. to happen
b. happening
Part Three : Vocabulary and Idiom
JAWAB :D
21. The football match result in a ….
a. loss c. draw
b. zero d. equalizer
JAWAB :C
22. All medicines should be kept out of …. the children.
a. hands c. contact
b. touch d. reach
JAWAB :D
23. I phoned Rani this morning but when I said who I was she ….
a. rang up c. shut up
b. hung up d. shut down
JAWAB :B
24. When he died he left …. amounting to $100,000.
a. accounts c. payment
b. obligations d. debt
JAWAB :D
25. It is against the …. not o wear helm one motorcycle.
a. rule c. order
b. regulation d. law
JAWAB :D
26. I have just …. an account with the BCA.
a. opened c. entered
b. made d. registered
JAWAB :B
27. In recent years inflation has almost tripled …. of living.
a. the price
b. the cost
c. the charge
d. the expense
JAWAB :B
28. Do you get extra payment if you work …. ?
a. extensively
b. overtime
c. continuously
d. overlong
JAWAB :B
29. …. about going for a swim this afternoon ?
a. when c. how
b. why d. who
JAWAB :C
30. My grandmother passes …. before I was born.
a. away c. by
b. off d. up
JAWAB :A
NPM : 10208293
KLS : 4 EA 12
Matkul : B. Inggris bisnis 2 (Softskill)
TINGKAT PERBANDINGAN
A. Positive degree (tingkat sama)
Rumus: Noun + to be + as + adjective + as + noun
My father is as old as your mother
The elephant is not as big as the horse
B. Comparative degree (tingkat lebih)
Rumus:
1. Noun + to be + adjective (satu suku kata)+ er + than + noun
2. Noun + to be + more + adjective (lebih dari 1 suku kata) + than + noun
My father is older than your mother
English is more important than Indonesian
C. Superlative degree (tingkat paling)
Rumus:
1. Noun + to be + adjective (1 suku kata) + est
2. Noun + to be + the + most + adjective (lebih dari 1 suku kata)
Bill Gates is the richest in America
John is the most famous person in the class
Catatan
1. Untuk comparative degree tambahkan suffiks –er diakhir kata sifat (adjective) yang mempunyai satu suku kata dan tambahkan kata more di awal kata sifat yang mempunyai lebih dari satu suku kata. (lihat contoh bagian comparative degree)
2. Untuk superlative degree tambahkan suffiks –est diakhir kata sifat yang yang mempunyai satu suku kata dan tambahkan the most di awal kata sifat yang mempunyai satu suku kata lebih. (lihat contoh bagian superlative degree)
3. Kata sifat berikut adalah kata sifat yang tidak sesuai dengan aturan (irregular comparison)
Good/well Better Best Baik
Bad/ill Worse Worst Buruk/sakit
Little Less Least Sedikit
Much/many More Most Banyak
Far Farther Farthest Jauh
TO BE
A. Jenis-jenis to be
1. Present form of to be = is, am, dan are (V1)
2. Past form of to be = was dan were (V2)
3. Past participle form of to be = been (V3)
B. Fungsi dan penggunaan to be
1. Penghubung subjek dengan pelengkap (complement) seperti adjective (kata sifat), noun (kata benda), dan adverb of place (keterangan tempat).
Contoh:
She is lazy (adjective)
I was a student (noun)
She has been in the class (adverb of place)
2. Digunakan dalam continous form dalam tenses.
Rumus: S + to be + V.ing + O
Contoh:
I am reading a book (present continous)
I was writing a book (past continous)
I will be singing (future continous)
I have been teaching English (perfect continous)
3. Digunakan dalam kalimat pasif
Rumus: S + to be + V3 + by + O
Contoh:
The game is played by the boy
The boy was loved by Vina
KONSEP DUA KEJADIAN/PERISTIWA
A. Menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang sedang terjadi ketika peristiwa lain terjadi di masa lampau.
Rumus: Past tense + when + past continous
When I was reading a book, my father came
Catatan:
1. Peristiwa pertama: I was reading a book
2. Peristiwa kedua: My father came
B. Menyatakan dua peristiwa yang sama-sama sedang terjadi di masa lampau.
Rumus: Past continous + while + past continous
I was dancing while she was singing
C. Menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang sudah terjadi diikuti oleh peristiwa yang lain di masa lampau.
Rumus:
1. Past perfect + before + past tense
2. Past tense + after + past perfect
I had eaten before I went home
After I I had eaten, I went home
Catatan:
a. Kejadian pertama: I had eaten
b. Kejadian kedua: I went home
A. Apabila ada “TO” dan “MODAL” (will, would, can, could, may, might, shall, should, must, has to/have to/had to), maka kata setelah “TO” dan ”MODAL” tersebut Wajib diikuti:
1. V1 (tampa S/ES)
I want to kiss you
She can sing a song
2. “BE”
He wants to be a millionaire
They will be smart
B. Apabila ada Has/have/had bertemu dengan Verb (kata kerja), maka verb tersebut wajid V3.
We have studied English at Quantum Education
She has been in Malang for two years
C. Apabila ada preposisition (kata depan) seperti of, on, in, at, after, before, by, through, for, dll diikuti dengan kata keja(verb) maka kata kerja tersebut di ditambah –ing.
I am capable of doing English test.
You can get the fresh air by opening the window
D. Fungsi “to be” (is, am, are, was, were, been) digunakan dalam
1. Adjective (kata sifat)
Anita is beautiful
2. Noun (kata benda)
This is a stone
3. Adverb of place (keterangan tempat)
The students are in the class
4. Continues tense
I am reading a book
I will be singing tomorrow
She has been singing for five minutes
5. Passive sentence (Kalimat Passive)
Rumus: S + to be + V3 + by + O
English is studied by the students
The building was built in 1999
Catatan: Penggunakan by bukan hal yang mutlak digunakan
E. Dalam menjawab soal error recognition, tentukan:
1. Keterangan waktu karena keterangan tersebut akan mempengaruhi bentuk tenses (apakah itu bentuk lampau, sekarang, atau akan datang)
I play a new game with my friends yesterday
A B C D
Keterangan waktu dalam kalimat diatas dalam bentuk lampau “yesterday”, maka kata kerjanya harus dalam bentuk lampau juga (past tense). Karena kata kerja “play” masih dalam bentuk present, maka kata tersebut error dan menjadi jawaban yang benar.
2. Perhatikan kalimat atau kata yang tidak bergaris bawah pada soal error recognition karena kalimat atau kata tersebut sudah mutlak benar dan menjadi acuan untuk mengetahui kesalahan atau kebenaran pada kata-kata yang bergaris bawah.
If I had enough money, I will buy a ring for you
A B C D
Perhatikan kata-kata yang tidak bergaris bawah ”If I had”. Kata-kata itu sudah mutlak benar dan menjadi acuan dalam menentukan kesalahan dalam kalimat selanjutnya. Karena kalimat yang menjadi acuan itu berbentuk if clause yang tipe ke-2 (S+V2), maka kalimat penyertanya harus tipe ke-2 juga (would+V1). Dalam hal ini pilihan B salah karena will seharusnya menjadi would.
3. Perhatikan kesesuaian antara subject dan predicate. Apabila subjeknya tunggal maka predikatnya menyesuaikan dengan subjeknya yaitu tunggal juga.
She works at the hotel
They work at the hotel
She is beautiful
They are beautiful
The student writes a novel
F. Apabila ada kata penghubung and, or, and but, maka kata sebelum dan sesudah penghubung tersebut wajib disejajarkan.
1. Noun + and/ or/but + Noun I don’t like apples but mangoes
2. Adjective + and/ or/but + adjective Is the teacher smart or stupid?
3. Adverb + and/ or/but + adverb She dances attractively and gracefully
4. V1 (es,es)/V2/V.ing + and/ or/but + V1 (es,es)/V2/V3/V.ing
He likes and loves me
They sang and danced
I like writing and reading
G. Apabila dalam dialog pembicara pertama menggunakan bentuk lampau(past tense), maka respon dari pembicara kedua juga menggunakan bentuk past tense dan seterusnya.
Ani : Did you go to school yesterday?
A B
Budi : Yes, I do.
C D
Kalimat yang digunakan oleh Ani adalah kalimat dalam bentuk lampau, maka respon yang diberikan oleh Budi harus dalam bentuk lampau juga. Dalam hal ini opsi D adalah salah karena “do” seharusnya “did”.
H. Hafalkan rumus singkat berikut:
1. Relative pronoun
Subjek orang + who + verb/to be the girl who sits is my friend
Subjek orang + whom + Subjek the boy whom I met is handsome
Subjek benda/hewan + which + verb/to be the cat which has white fur is mine
Objek + Whose + Benda I like the man whose cap is white
2. If clause/conditional sentence
VERBAL
1. If + S + V1 + O, S+ Will + V1 + O If the teacher come, I will attend the class
2. If + S + V2 + O, S+ Would + V1 + O If the teacher came, I would attend the class
3. If + S + had +V3 + O, S+ Would + have + V3 + O If the teacher had come, I would have attended the class
NOMINAL
1. If + S + is, am, are + Complement, S + Will + V1 + O
If you are handsome, I will marry you
2. If + were + Complement, S + Would + V1 + O
If she were an artist, I would invite him to the party.
3. If + S + Had + Been + complement, S + Would + Have + V3 + O
If she had been here, I would not have blamed her
NOTE: complement (pelengkap) terdiri dari Adjective, Noun, Adverb of place dan disingkat ANA
4. Causative verbs
1. S + Has/have/had/make/made + Objek orang + V1(tampa to, s, es) + O
The teacher has me study hard = Guru itu menyuruh saya belajar keras
2. S + Get/ask + Objek Orang + to + V1 (tampa s/es)
The teacher gets me to study hard = Guru itu menyuruh saya belajar keras
3. S + Has/have/had/make/made/Get/ask + Objek benda + V3
I make the door opened = Saya menyuruh pintu itu dibuka
5. Subjunctive (Harapan)
1. Present wish (harapan sekarang)
S1 + Wish/es (that) S2 + V2/were
I wish that you had money
She wishes Alicia were an artist
2. Past wish (harapan lampau)
S1 + wished (that) S2 + had + V3
Mike Tyson wished he had won match
My father wished that I had been successful in the test
1. Penggunaan Either dan Neither tanpa Or dan Nor
Seperti halnya kata-kata yang selalu diikuti oleh singular verbs lainnya (Silakan baca: Words always followed by singular verbs), penggunaan either dan neither adalah mengikuti pola berikut:
Either + singular subject + singular verb
Neither + singular subject + singular verb
Contoh:
1. Either student has passed the exam. (Salah satu dari (kedua) siswa itu telah lulus ujian).
2. Neither student has passed the exam. (Kedua siswa itu telah tidak lulus ujian).
3. Either book belongs to Jimmy. (Salah satu dari kedua buku itu milik Jimmy).
4. Neither book belongs to me. (Kedua buku itu bukan milikku).
Note:
• Either dan neither, jika ditempatkan di awal kalimat, selalu diikuti oleh singular verb (i.e. studies, works, goes, dll) atau singular verb phrase (i.e. has passed, has studied, is working, is going to pass, dll).
• Jika either dan neither langsung diikuti oleh noun, noun tersebut selalu singular (i.e. either student, neither student, either one, neither you, dll).
• Jika noun setelah either dan neither diawali of the, maka noun tersebut selalu dalam bentuk plural. (i.e. either of the students, neither of the students, dll)
Dengan menambahkan “of the”, keempat kalimat di atas dapat ditulis (dan maknanya sama) menjadi:
1. Either of the (two) students has passed the exam. (Salah satu dari (kedua) siswa itu telah lulus ujian).
2. Neither of the (two) students has passed the exam. (Kedua siswa itu telah tidak lulus ujian).
3. Either of the (two) books belongs to Jimmy. (Salah satu dari kedua buku itu milik Jimmy).
4. Neither of the (two) books belongs to me. (Kedua buku itu bukan milikku).
• Kata two adalah optional. Walaupun tidak ditulis (atau disebutkan), noun yang mengikuti either atau neither selalu bermakna dua individual atau dua group.
• Walaupun neither maknanya sama dengan “both…not”, dalam formal documents, hindari menggunakan both pada kalimat negatif. Dalam hal ini, gunakanlah “neither”. Kalimat 2 dan 4 di atas akan grammatically INCORRECT kalau ditulis:
2. Both students have not passed the exam. Juga INCORRECT kalau ditulis: Both of the (two) students have not passed the exam.
4. Both books do not belong to me. Juga INCORRECT juga kalau ditulis: Both of the (two) books do not belong to me.
Contoh kalimat yang menggunakan either dan neither secara mandiri (tanpa or dan nor) lainnya dapat dibaca di topik: Words always followed by singular verbs dan Conjunctions dan Penggunaannya,, sedangkan penggunaan either/neither + of the + noun dapat dibaca di topik: Penggunaan kata depan OF.
2. Penggunaan Either…or dan Neither…nor
Dalam hal ini, either…or dan neither…nor berfungsi sebagai paired conjunctions atau correlative conjunctions. Verb yang mengikuti either…or dan neither…nor ditentukan oleh subject kalimat setelah or atau nor. Verbnya akan plural jika setelah or atau nor diikuti oleh plural subject (plural nouns), dan sebaliknya, verbnya akan singular jika or atau nor diikuti oleh singular subject (singular nouns). Untuk lebih jelasnya, perhatikan pola berikut:
Either
Neither + noun + or
nor + plural noun + plural verb
Either
Neither + noun + or
nor + singular noun + singular verb
Contoh:
1. Either Tommy or Tommy’s friends are going to visit me tonight. (Tommy atau teman-teman Tommy akan mengunjungiku malam ini). Maknanya adalah kalau bukan Tommy yang akan mengunjungiku malam ini, teman-teman Tommy lah yang akan mengunjungi aku malam ini.
2. Neither Tommy nor Tommy’s friends are going to visit me tonight (Tidak Tommy, tidak juga teman-teman Tommy, akan akan mengunjungiku malam ini). Maknanya sama dengan : Both Tommy and Tommy’s friends are NOT going to visit me tonight. Tapi ingat, in formal documents hindari menggunakan BOTH dalam kalimat negatif.
3. Neither Yayat nor two of his friends are attending the class now. (Baik Yayat maupun dua teman baiknya sedang tidak menghadiri kelas (tidak kuliah) sekarang).
4. Either Jenny or Juli has seen the Ayat-Ayat Cinta (Salah satu, kalau bukan Jenny, Juli lah yang telah nonton Ayat-Ayat Cinta).
5. Neither I nor my daughter has seen the Ayat-Atay Cinta yet. (Baik saya maupun putri saya belum nonton Ayat-Ayat Cinta).
6. Neither I nor Eti likes this course. (Baik saya maupun Eti tidak suka mata kuliah ini).
Kalau posisi subject diputar, kalimat-kalimat di atas berubah menjadi:
1. Either Tommy’s friends or Tommy is going to visit me tonight. (Kalau bukan teman-teman Tommy, Tommy lah yang akan mengunjungiku malam ini).
2. Neither Tommy’ friends nor Tommy is going to visit me tonight (Tidak teman-teman Tommy, tidak juga Tommy, akan akan mengunjungiku malam ini).
3. Neither two of Yayat’s friends nor Yayat is attending the class now. (Baik dua teman Yayat maupun Yayat sedang tidak menghadiri kelas (tidak kuliah) sekarang).
4. Either Juli or Jenny has seen the Ayat-Ayat Cinta (Salah satu, kalau bukan Juli, Juni lah yang telah nonton Ayat-Ayat Cinta).
5. Neither my daughter nor I have seen the Ayat-Atay Cinta yet. (Baik putri saya maupun saya belum nonton Ayat-Ayat Cinta)
6. Neither Eti nor I like this course. (Baik Eti maupun saya tidak suka mata kuliah ini).
Note:
• Jika setelah or atau nor diikuti oleh pronoun, pronoun tersebut selalu dalam bentuk subject pronoun (he, she, it, I, you, we, they) .
• Either tidak boleh digunakan bersamaan dengan nor, dan neither tidak boleh digunakan bersamaan dengan or.
• neither… nor SELALU bermakna negatif, walaupun kelihatannya tanpa NOT. Perhatikan makna contoh-contoh kalimat di atas!
• Walaupun posisi subject diputar, makna kalimat tepat sama.
• Selain ditempatkan di awal kalimat, either dan neither juga dapat ditempatkan di tengah kalimat. Dalam hal ini, yang digabungkan tentu saja bukan subject kalimat.
Contoh:
1. Tonight, I will either study English at home or visit my girlfriend. (Malam ini, aku akan belajar bahasa Inggris di rumah, atau aku akan mengunjungi pacarku).
2. I used to like neither sandwich nor pizza, but I like them both now. (Dulu, aku tidak suka sandwich dan juga tidak suka pizza tetapi aku suka keduanya sekarang).
3. Amy walks neither fast nor slowly. (Jalannya Amy tidak cepat, juga tidak lambat).
Contoh kalimat lain yang menggunakan either…or dan neither…nor dapat dibaca di topik: Conjunctions dan Penggunaannya.
3. Penggunaan Either dan Neither dalam Negative Agreement
Pada kalimat-kalimat agreement, fungsi either dan neither sangat mirip dengan so dan too. Bedanya adalah: so dan too hanya digunakan pada affirmative (positive) agreement, sedangkan, either dan neither hanya digunakan untuk menyatakan negative agreement. Untuk lebih jelasnya, perhatikan pola berikut:
Negative statement, and + subject + negative auxiliary atau be + either
Negative statement, and + neither + positive auxiliary atau be + subject
Contoh:
1. I didn’t see my book this morning. My sister didn’t see my book this morning.
• I didn’t see my book this morning, and my sister didn’t either. (Aku tidak lihat bukuku tadi pagi, dan begitu juga adikku).
• I didn’t see my book this morning, and neither did my sister. (Aku tidak lihat bukuku tadi pagi, dan begitu juga adikku).
2. My wife is not a volleyball player. I am not a volleyball player.
• My wife is not a volleyball player, and I am not either. (Istriku bukan seorang pemain bola volley, dan begitu juga aku).
• My wife is not a volleyball player, and neither am I. (Istriku bukan seorang pemain bola volley, dan begitu juga aku).
3. I haven’t seen Ayat-Ayat Cinta yet. My sister hasn’t seen Ayat-Ayat Cinta yet.
• I haven’t seen Ayat-Ayat Cinta yet, and my sister hasn’t either.
• I haven’t seen Ayat-Ayat Cinta yet, and neither has my sister.
4. Maria will not go to the party tonight. Mario will not go to the party tonight.
• Maria will not go to the party tonight, and Mario will not either.
• Maria will not go to the party tonight, and neither will Mario.
5. She doesn’t like durian. He doesn’t like durian.
• She doesn’t like durian, and he doesn’t either.
• She doesn’t like durian, and neither does he.
Note: Walaupun polanya berbeda, tiap pasang kalimat negative agreement di atas memiliki makba yang sama.
Dan REMEMBER: dalam kalimat agreement, either dan neither hanya digunakan untuk menyatakan negative agreement, dan TIDAK PERNAH digunakan dalam affirmative (positive) agreement.
Apakah kalimat no 1 di atas dapat ditulis sebagai berikut?
• I didn’t see my book this morning, and my sister didn’t see my book this morning either. (Aku tidak lihat bukuku tadi pagi, dan adikku juga tidak lihat bukuku tadi pagi).
• I didn’t see my book this morning, and neither did my sister see my book this morning. (Aku tidak lihat bukuku tadi pagi, dan adikku juga tidak lihat bukuku tadi pagi).
Ya boleh. Namun, dalam bahasa Inggris, kalimat yang terbaik adalah kalimat yang paling singkat dan kalimat yang dinyatakan dengan pola yang paling tepat. So, jika anda disuruh milih kalimat mana yang lebih baik dan benar, maka jawaban anda seharusnya kalimat yang berikut:
• I didn’t see my book this morning, and my sister didn’t either.
• I didn’t see my book this morning, and neither did my sister.
1. The inc rease in the sales of new cars ……. Expected to make traffic jams worse.
A. Is
B. Are
C. Be
D. Being
JAWAB: A
2. Little children are usually afraid of …….. by their mother.
A. Left
B. To leave
C. Leaving
D. Been left
JAWAB: C
3. “ When did you realize you had lost your purse “ “ When I … ,one to pay the conductor”
A. Was needing
B. Had needed
C. Have needing
D. Am needing
JAWAB: B
4. ‘Why didn’t Didi wan to go home?’ ‘ His mother …… him for causing the car acc ident’
A. would blame
B. has blamed
C. is blaming
D. had blamed
JAWAB: D
5. The way professor Mattis teaches English not only keeps the student’ interest…….
A. And also increases their motivation
B. But also increasing their motivation
C. And he also increases their motivation
D. But also increases their motivation
JAWAB: D
6. The thief ……… into the room through this window because there are footprint near the door.
A. Was to get
B. My get
C. Would rather get
D. Must have got
JAWAB: D
7. He told me a lot about the Philippines. He ….. there for a long time.
A. Must have lived
B. Might be living
C. Ought to have lived
D. Should be living
JAWAB: A
8. Your son will be operated on tomorrow morning. He … have a good rest tonight’ the doctor said.
A. Might
B. May
C. Can
D. Must
JAWAB: D
9. Having given the prescription to the patient…
A. The medicine was taken regularly by the patient
B. The doctor told the patient to take the medicine regularly
C. The medicine had to be taken regularly by the patient
D. The patient was told to take the medicine regularly
JAWAB: B
10. ………. A few million rupiahs, he went on a four to Europe.
A. Saved
B. Has saved
C. He has saved
D. Having saved
JAWAB: D
11. The fact that he was put into prison for something that he had not done made his wife…
A. Cry
B. To be crying
C. Cried
D. To cry
JAWAB: A
12. ‘Andi, will you slose the windows, please. I’m busy right now’. I’m busy my self, but I………anyhow.
A. Will close them
B. Will have to close them
C. Will have them closed
D. Will ask you to c lose them
JAWAB: C
13. We are going on a long trip, so we must…
A. Have check ed the car
B. Have had the c ar checked
C. To have the car checked
D. Have the car checked
JAWAB: D
14. The company’s new product was …….. adv ertised on TV.
A. Nation
B. National
C. Nationally
D. Nationalize
JAWAB: C
15. The original …….. manuscript to the play is on display in the museum.
A. Written by hand
B. Writing hand
C. Hand written
D. Hand writing
JAWAB: D
16. The thief denied … the jewelry although the police forced him it admit it.
A. Steal
B. Stealing
C. To steal
D. In stealing
JAWAB: B
17. His shop was burnt down, ……… his car that was park ed nearby.
A. And either did
B. Also was
C. But neither was
D. And so was
JAWAB: D
18. ‘Who won the ford foundation scholars hip?’. ‘The high school student …. The city council had chosen as the beat student’.
A. he who
B. whose
C. whom
D. which
JAWAB: C
19. My brother needs two …. To help him run the store.
A. Mechanics
B. Carpenters
C. Instructors
D. Assistants
JAWAB: D
20. ….. is not yet know
A. can he be involved in the trade of narcotics
B. he is involved in the trade of narcotics
C. whether he is involved in the trade of narcotics
D. when he is involved in the trade of narcotics
JAWAB: C
1. Another title that would best explain the main idea of this story is ….
a. Typing with feet
b. Handicapped Girl Succeeds
c. Scrapbook from Life
d. Polio and its Effects
JAWAB : B
2. Emma Flores …..
a. worries a great deal
b. cannot walk
c. writes with her feet
d. feeds herself
JAWAB : C
3. Emma uses a respirator …..
a. to help her breathe at night
b. at all time
c. to help he type
d. only during the way
JAWAB : A
4. When Emma was a young girl in Mexican ….
a. Mexican children never got polio
b. Doctors knew a great deal about polio
c. She was the only child
d. She was one of many Mexican children struck by polio
JAWAB : D
5. Emma Flores is ….
a. selfish c. complaining
b. determined d. worrying
JAWAB :B
6. Emma’s schoolmates in college did not ….
a. feed her
b. wash and iron to her
c. help her dress
d. takes notes in class for her
JAWAB :D
7. Emma is thankful to her college schoolmates because ….
a. They did all her homework for her
b. They have her a scrap book for graduation
c. They help her walk
d. She would never have gotten through college without their help
JAWAB :B
8. Emma learned to write with her feet because ….
a. She can write faster with them than she can with her hands
b. She enjoy doing unusual things
c. She had already learned to use her feet to type
d. She cannot use her hands at all
JAWAB :D
9. Emma tutored other students because ….
a. Language major have tutor
b. She needed money to help get through college
c. She needed to feet important
d. It kept her mind off her worries
JAWAB :B
10. Emma made a scrap book for Sandy McIntyre because ….
a. She has grateful for the help Sandy had given her
b. Sandy had made her one of her
c. Sandy needed it for a class she was taking
d. It was a requirement for graduation
JAWAB :A
Part B : Structure and Usage
11. How many cards …. in the box ?
a. there are c. are there
b. there have d. have there
JAWAB :C
12. He is not from ….
a. French c. Spain
b. Korean d. Swiss
JAWAB :C
13. Cindy loves …. dinner for her husband.
a. preparing c. prepares
b. to prepare d. prepared
JAWAB :A
14. That’s the …. popular model they sell.
a. at least c. at last
b. leas d. least
JAWAB :D
15. She is not reading ….
a. either am I c. neither I am
b. neither am I d. either I am
JAWAB :B
16. We will be leaving …. Just a few minutes.
a. in c. on
b. at d. of
JAWAB :A
17. ….are the fresh and vegetables healthy for you, but they taste delicious too.
a. much more c. not only
b. not just d. of course
JAWAB :C
18. ….John studied very hard, he did not well on his final exam.
a. but c. however
b. because d. although
JAWAB :C
19. Blue jeans are worn by people of all economics levels, ….Millionaires to hose living on welfare.
a. not only c. including
b. both d. from
JAWAB :C
20. What ….to you ?
a. happen c. to happen
b. happening
Part Three : Vocabulary and Idiom
JAWAB :D
21. The football match result in a ….
a. loss c. draw
b. zero d. equalizer
JAWAB :C
22. All medicines should be kept out of …. the children.
a. hands c. contact
b. touch d. reach
JAWAB :D
23. I phoned Rani this morning but when I said who I was she ….
a. rang up c. shut up
b. hung up d. shut down
JAWAB :B
24. When he died he left …. amounting to $100,000.
a. accounts c. payment
b. obligations d. debt
JAWAB :D
25. It is against the …. not o wear helm one motorcycle.
a. rule c. order
b. regulation d. law
JAWAB :D
26. I have just …. an account with the BCA.
a. opened c. entered
b. made d. registered
JAWAB :B
27. In recent years inflation has almost tripled …. of living.
a. the price
b. the cost
c. the charge
d. the expense
JAWAB :B
28. Do you get extra payment if you work …. ?
a. extensively
b. overtime
c. continuously
d. overlong
JAWAB :B
29. …. about going for a swim this afternoon ?
a. when c. how
b. why d. who
JAWAB :C
30. My grandmother passes …. before I was born.
a. away c. by
b. off d. up
JAWAB :A
Artikel
Nama : Damar K. Anggoro .P
NPM : 10208293
KELAS : 4 EA 12
MATKUL : B. Inggris Bisnis 2 (Softskill)
This story had been handed down from generation to generation among the Javanese people in Indonesia for hundred of years or maybe a thousand years. The setting is Kediri, east Java in the 11th century. I heard this story from my mother when I was a kid. Now I have told this story to my three daughters. This is the story.
Long time ago in the island of Java there was a kingdom of Kediri. The king was Raden Putra. He was a rich and powerful king. He liked cock fighting. One of his wives told him that the queen had put poison in his food. The king was very angry. Without thinking deeply and without checking this information, he immediately ordered his soldiers to bring the queen to a wood and kill her. Soon the soldiers took her to the wood. But when they were there the soldiers took a pity on her. They did not want to kill her because she was a kind and wise queen and at that time she was pregnant. So they built a house and let the queen live there. Then they brought back to palace a deer’s heart to show the king that they had killed her.
Several months later the queen gave birth to a baby boy. He was a healthy and handsome boy. His name was Cinde Laras. Then he grew up to be a strong and smart boy. He liked to go to the wood. One day he found an egg. He brought it home and then when it hatched it became a cock. Like his father, Cinde Laras like cock fighting. He often went to neighboring villages to play cock fighting. His cock was a strong cock so it won all fight. He became famous. Everybody in the whole kingdom knew him and his cock.
Finally the news of Cinde Laras and his cock reached the king. He invited Cinde Laras to palace for a cock fight. So Cinde Laras came to the palace. In a fight his cock could easily beat the king’s cock. Everybody was surprised. They were even more surprised when Cinde Laras’ cock crowed. It was a strange crow.
‘Cockledodo, I am the cock of Cinde Laras, who lived in the wood, the son of Raden Putra’.
The king was very surprised. He questioned Cinde Laras immediately. Cinde Laras told him that he was the son of the queen who now lived in the wood. After that the king went to see the queen in the wood. She told him that she was a victim of palace politics.
The King regretted his unwise decision. Then he brought them back to palace and he punished to his evil wife. Later on Cinde Laras would replace him as the king of Kediri.
NPM : 10208293
KELAS : 4 EA 12
MATKUL : B. Inggris Bisnis 2 (Softskill)
This story had been handed down from generation to generation among the Javanese people in Indonesia for hundred of years or maybe a thousand years. The setting is Kediri, east Java in the 11th century. I heard this story from my mother when I was a kid. Now I have told this story to my three daughters. This is the story.
Long time ago in the island of Java there was a kingdom of Kediri. The king was Raden Putra. He was a rich and powerful king. He liked cock fighting. One of his wives told him that the queen had put poison in his food. The king was very angry. Without thinking deeply and without checking this information, he immediately ordered his soldiers to bring the queen to a wood and kill her. Soon the soldiers took her to the wood. But when they were there the soldiers took a pity on her. They did not want to kill her because she was a kind and wise queen and at that time she was pregnant. So they built a house and let the queen live there. Then they brought back to palace a deer’s heart to show the king that they had killed her.
Several months later the queen gave birth to a baby boy. He was a healthy and handsome boy. His name was Cinde Laras. Then he grew up to be a strong and smart boy. He liked to go to the wood. One day he found an egg. He brought it home and then when it hatched it became a cock. Like his father, Cinde Laras like cock fighting. He often went to neighboring villages to play cock fighting. His cock was a strong cock so it won all fight. He became famous. Everybody in the whole kingdom knew him and his cock.
Finally the news of Cinde Laras and his cock reached the king. He invited Cinde Laras to palace for a cock fight. So Cinde Laras came to the palace. In a fight his cock could easily beat the king’s cock. Everybody was surprised. They were even more surprised when Cinde Laras’ cock crowed. It was a strange crow.
‘Cockledodo, I am the cock of Cinde Laras, who lived in the wood, the son of Raden Putra’.
The king was very surprised. He questioned Cinde Laras immediately. Cinde Laras told him that he was the son of the queen who now lived in the wood. After that the king went to see the queen in the wood. She told him that she was a victim of palace politics.
The King regretted his unwise decision. Then he brought them back to palace and he punished to his evil wife. Later on Cinde Laras would replace him as the king of Kediri.
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